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Record W4409866988 · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123159

Do differences in exploration and boldness inform species level responses to environmental change in montane chipmunks?

2025· article· en· W4409866988 on OpenAlexaff
Kwasi Wrensford, Ketki Samel, Eileen A. Lacey

Bibliographic record

VenueAnimal Behaviour · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicAnimal Behavior and Reproduction
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
FundersMuseum of Vertebrate ZoologyU.S. Forest ServiceAmerican Society of MammalogistsUniversity of California BerkeleyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryCalifornia Department of Fish and WildlifeFord Foundation
KeywordsBoldnessMontane ecologyEnvironmental changeEcologyClimate changeBiologyGeographyPsychologySocial psychologyPersonality

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

How animals behave in novel situations may significantly affect multiple aspects of their biology, including how they respond to environmental change. Two aspects of behaviour that are often used to assess interactions with new environments are exploration and boldness. Within species, variation in these responses to novelty is thought to reflect differences in individual behavioural phenotypes (e.g. behavioural syndromes). Between species, these responses may be influenced by the degree of ecological specialization, with members of more specialized taxa typically expected to display a reduced tendency to interact with novel habitats. To test the prediction that more ecologically specialized species are more neophobic, we used open-field assays to compare exploratory behaviour and boldness among free-living members of two partially sympatric species of chipmunks from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, U.S.A.: the lodgepole chipmunk, Tamias speciosus , a habitat generalist, and the alpine chipmunk, Tamias alpinus , a habitat specialist. Our analyses indicate that while behavioural measures of boldness did not differ between these species, individual T. speciosus were on average more exploratory than individual T. alpinus . Although the number of individuals tested per species was limited, these findings have important implications for understanding reported interspecific differences in elevational range shifts in response to changing environmental conditions in the Sierra Nevada. More generally, our analyses underscore the potential importance of behavioural responses to novelty in shaping species level patterns of response to environmental change.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.136
Threshold uncertainty score0.245

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.117
GPT teacher head0.280
Teacher spread0.163 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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