WiCG: In-Body Cardiac Motion Sensing Based on a Mix-Medium Wi-Fi Fresnel Zone Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the critical need for accurate and continuous heart health monitoring. Electrocardiograms (ECG), considered as the golden standard for diagnosing and monitoring heart-related conditions, offer precise measurements but require direct skin contact, limiting their practicality for long-term and everyday use. On the other hand, existing RF sensing techniques that analyze signals reflected off the skin struggle to distinguish micro cardiac motions of the heart due to weak motion amplitude and respiration interference at the chest wall. To overcome these limitations, we introduce WiCG, a novel contact-less cardiac motion monitoring system that employs 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi signals to penetrate the chest and detect subtle cardiac movements. A mix-medium Wi-Fi Fresnel zone model is developed to explain the enhanced phase sensitivity of in-body Wi-Fi signals, which is crucial for accurately detecting cardiac motions. By strategically positioning antennas near the heart, WiCG captures ventricular motions effectively. A novel cardiac Doppler method is proposed to suppress phase noise and interference from static paths and extract the time interval between the systole and diastole of the ventricular. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed system can robustly estimate the R-R and Q-T intervals of human cardiac cycles across 21 subjects and different environments with an average accuracy of 99.22% and 92.8%, achieving performance comparable to ECG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".