There Is More to Dwell Than Meets the Eye: Toward Better Gaze-Based Text Entry Systems With Multi-Threshold Dwell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Constant-and Dual-Threshold Dwell keyboards (CTD and DTD) (b) Multi-Threshold Dwell keyboard (MTD) Figure 1: We compared three keyboard designs: (a) The conventional Constant-Threshold Dwell (CTD) keyboard uses a single dwell threshold of 450 ms.The Dual-Threshold Dwell (DTD) keyboard reduces the dwell threshold for the first selection of a letter to 300 ms but increases the threshold to 500 ms for immediately following selections of that same letter, avoiding unintentional "double clicks" of the same letter.(b) The Multi-Threshold Dwell (MTD) keyboard additionally uses a third, further reduced, dwell threshold of 200 ms for up to three letters that are likely next targets.These keys are highlighted and enlarged.The spacebar is also assigned an even shorter threshold of 100 ms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".