OA24 The incidence, prevalence and mortality of sarcoidosis in England
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background/Aims Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous condition, varying from mild, self-limiting to severe organ involvement and death. Despite its clinical significance, the epidemiological landscape of sarcoidosis in England remains largely unexplored. There are no current data on its prevalence, and the most recent incidence, calculated two decades ago using data from just 2% of general practices, reported a rate notably lower than Sweden, the USA, and Canada. Mortality estimates are similarly outdated but suggest an increasing risk of death. Our objective was to examine contemporary trends in the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of sarcoidosis in England. Methods This population-based study utilised primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), containing data from 41 million patients. Eligible patients contributed data between 2003 and 2023. Incidence was calculated using the number of individuals with a new diagnostic code as the numerator and total person-years in the cohort as the denominator. Point prevalence was estimated by identifying individuals with at-least one diagnostic code at mid-calendar year, with the number of patients contributing data to CPRD at the same time point serving as the denominator. Age-and-sex standardisation was applied using the 2013 European Standard Population. Annual all-cause mortality was estimated and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Results The age-and-sex standardised incidence of sarcoidosis increased 16% between 2003 to 2023, from 6.65 to 7.73 per 100,000 person-years [incident rate ratio 1.16]. The most pronounced increase occurred between 2011 and 2017, primarily driven by a rise in new diagnoses among males. There was also a marked increase in new diagnoses in those over 60 -years-old, reflected by a higher average age at presentation [mean age in 2003: 47 years (SD 14); in 2023: 54 years (SD 14)]. The age-and-sex standardised prevalence of sarcoidosis increased from 163 to 230 per 100,000 individuals. Sensitivity analyses restricted to individuals with two or more diagnostic codes, indicated a lower overall prevalence (2003 to 2023: 62 to 121 per 100,000). The age-and-sex standardised mortality rate increased from 9.6 to 12.1 per 1,000 patients (mortality rate ratio 1.26), with higher rates observed among males. SMRs during the study period indicated elevated mortality in males and females aged 18 to 50-years-old. A more modest increase was observed in individuals aged 50 to 70-years-old, which was more pronounced in females. Conclusion The incidence of sarcoidosis in England is rising, with notable shifts in age and sex distribution. Mortality rates have also increased, with younger patients facing a higher risk of death compared to the general population. The observed rise in incidence may be attributed to the growing use of diagnostic imaging like PET-CT, and the widespread adoption of endobronchial ultrasound, which have revealed that sarcoidosis is more common than previously recognised. Disclosure K. Bechman: None. K. Biddle: None. M. Gibson: None. M. Russell: None. M. Adas: None. Z. Yang: None. S. Norton: None. S. Birring: None. J. Galloway: None.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".