Investigating adult reproduction as a potential barrier to recovery of wild Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) populations impacted by the Nathan E. Stewart oil spill, Central Coast, B.C.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the chronic effects of environmental disasters, such as oil spills, is critical to assessing long-term impacts on marine ecosystems and guiding recovery efforts. We assessed the reproductive potential of adult Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) from sites impacted by the Nathan E. Stewart oil spill (Central Coast, British Columbia, Haíɫzaqv Territory, October 2016) to determine if reduced reproductive capacity may be driving a delayed population recovery among the impacted clam populations. Clams from both reference and impacted sites were conditioned under controlled laboratory settings, with reproductive metrics (gonadosomatic index, progression of gamete development, fertilization success, spawning success) showing no significant differences between sites, suggesting that reproductive output in adults is not currently limiting recovery. Adult clams from all sites successfully spawned under controlled laboratory conditions. However, despite successful spawning and fertilization, larval survival was uniformly low across sites; this low survival may be attributable to methodological factors, such as temperature or handling stress rather than direct impacts of the oil spill. Findings suggest factors other than adult reproductive capacity are causing continued delay of population recovery, warranting further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".