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Record W4409908910 · doi:10.3855/jidc.18574

Predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis

2025· review· en· W4409908910 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicLong-Term Effects of COVID-19
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersXijing University
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)2019-20 coronavirus outbreakSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Meta-analysisPandemicBetacoronavirusCoronavirus InfectionsMedicineMEDLINEVirologyInternal medicinePolitical scienceOutbreakDisease

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

INTRODUCTION: Post Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Syndrome also known as long COVID-19 would affect survivors of various patients. At present, the evidence for predicting a poor prognosis of COVID-19 remains insufficient. This study aims to explore potential predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review process and meta-analysis method are applied to identify the predictors. Systematic searches were conducted without language restrictions from December 1, 2019, to February 28, 2022, on PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using specific keywords relevant to our targets. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale observational research tool was used to assess study quality and the R (4.1.1) package meta was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis of 14 studies showed that females (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.19-1.70), the severity of patients (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.26-4.68), comorbidity (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.29-3.35), dyspnea (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.34-3.04) associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that females, the severity of COVID-19, comorbidity, and dyspnea were associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome. More attention should be paid to these factors to prevent and treat post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Meta-analysis · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.552
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0060.003
Bibliometrics0.0040.004
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.047
GPT teacher head0.375
Teacher spread0.329 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it