Sinner to saviour: the ‘new translation’ of <i>Renwang Jing</i> 仁王經 and mid-Tang throne’s redemption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mid-Tang imperial court’s authority was undermined not only by An Lushan Rebellion but also by the defiant regional commands established to counter the rebels. Disasters and ill omens—signs of a potential loss of Heaven’s Mandate in traditional views—provided these internal and external rivals with a political tool to rally support. The recension of the Renwang jing conducted in such a context offered an alternative explanation for the origins of both sovereignty and calamities, aligning with the interests of the ruling authority. Disasters and ill omens, still seen as portending a nation’s downfall, were then reframed as the result of collective misdeeds shared by all inhabitants, with salvation attainable only through a united national effort guided by the ruler. The grand public preaching on the scripture then could help recast the ruler, previously a culprit in indigenous discourse, an essential saviour worthy of support and reverence. A central aim of the text’s revision was to propagate this more politically advantageous doctrine, reflecting the political stance of Buddhist monastics amid the mid-Tang crisis and contributing to the revival of Imperial Buddhism in the aftermath of the rebellion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".