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Record W4409924250 · doi:10.1080/14767430.2025.2481550

A critical realist exploration of harassment in platform work

2025· article· en· W4409924250 on OpenAlexafffund
Elizabeth Quinlan, Tracey Carr, Xing Luo

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Critical Realism · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicDigital Economy and Work Transformation
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsCritical realism (philosophy of perception)HarassmentWork (physics)SociologyEpistemologyAestheticsEngineering ethicsPsychologySocial psychologyPhilosophyEngineeringRealismMechanical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The purpose of this paper is to explore workplace harassment in the context of platform work. To seek a causal explanation for harassment experienced by platform workers, we conducted a secondary analysis of already-published empirical studies and engaged labour process theory, a theory that is philosophically compatible with critical realism. The results indicate that harassment is causally governed by forces that control the labour process, although these forces do not always bring about the harassment behaviours. The paper contributes to the field of critical realism in its application to labour process theory to advance the understanding of harassment experienced by platform workers. Our analysis identifies harassment as an emergent property of the structural characteristics of the labour process that interact with workers' agency to produce harassment experiences of platform workers. As well, through our use of secondary analysis, the paper demonstrates the utility of secondary analysis for critical realist analyses.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.946
Threshold uncertainty score0.266

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.002
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.047
GPT teacher head0.376
Teacher spread0.329 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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