Modeling Changes in Classroom Incivility Across Adolescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Classroom incivility is low-level antisocial behavior that disrupts the overall learning environment. It is an important behavior to be studied in adolescence, given its associations with other antisocial behavior (e.g., bullying), negative impact on the learning environment, and predicting later aggressive behavior. The current study examined the developmental growth of classroom incivility in adolescence. METHODS: = 559; 54% boys; Mage = 14.9 years) with data from an on-going longitudinal study collected between Fall 2022 and Spring 2024. RESULTS: Using growth curve modeling across ten timepoints of data collected over four waves of data collection, our findings suggested that the quadratic model fit our data best (compared to both a no-growth and a linear model). That is, our findings showed that classroom incivility increases in early adolescence, tapering off in the later grades (i.e., grade 11 and 12). CONCLUSION: Our results not only add important information about the developmental growth of adolescent classroom incivility to the current literature, but also provide insight that can be used by schools, suggesting that early adolescence might be a key developmental period for promoting civil behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".