Strongly Interacting, Two-Dimensional, Dipolar Spin Ensembles in (111)-Oriented Diamond
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Systems of spins with strong dipolar interactions and controlled dimensionality enable new explorations in quantum sensing and simulation. In this work, we investigate the creation of strong dipolar interactions in a two-dimensional ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers generated via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on (111)-oriented diamond substrates. We find that diamond growth on the (111) plane yields high incorporation of spins, both nitrogen and NV centers, where the density of the latter is tunable via the miscut of the diamond substrate. Our process allows us to form dense, preferentially aligned, 2D NV ensembles with volume-normalized ac sensitivity down to <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi>η</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mi>ac</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msub> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mn>810</a:mn> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mi>pT</a:mi> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">μ</a:mi> <a:msup> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">m</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mn>3</a:mn> <a:mo>/</a:mo> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msup> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:msup> <a:mrow> <a:mi>Hz</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mo>−</a:mo> <a:mn>1</a:mn> <a:mo>/</a:mo> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msup> </a:mrow> </a:math> . Furthermore, we show that (111) affords maximally positive dipolar interactions among a 2D NV ensemble, which is crucial for leveraging dipolar-driven entanglement schemes and exploring new interacting spin physics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".