Embedding auxetic structures in composite substrate layer for enhancing performance of stretchable strain sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• An auxetic layer is embedded in the composite substrate to enhance the strain sensor functionality. • A theoretical design routine programs bidirectional sensitivity via strain transfer. • Synergistic deformation dynamically regulates lateral contraction in auxetic sensing substrate. The mechanical coupling between the sensing and substrate layers is critical for stretchable strain-sensing devices in wearable electronics. This study proposes a facile composite substrate design by embedding auxetic structures directly into a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) film. Using direct ink writing, we fabricate highly ordered 3D sinusoidal (polydimethylsiloxane) PDMS filaments within the PBAT matrix, achieving exceptional auxetic behavior. By tuning the sinusoidal structure, the transverse contraction of the composite substrate can be precisely controlled under longitudinal stretching. When serpentine-shaped sensing materials are deposited onto the substrate, the composite strain sensor exhibits high and stable sensing performance owing to reduced transverse contraction enabled by the coupled deformation of the sensing layer and the substrate. These findings demonstrate the potential of embedded auxetic architectures for developing multifunctional composite materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".