Distributional inequities in tree density, size, and species diversity in 32 Canadian cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Urban trees provide numerous benefits that contribute to sustainable cities. Since many of these benefits are localized, the distributional equity of urban trees ensures that ecosystem services support all residents of a city. Previous studies have examined tree distribution at local or regional scales, and thus there is a limited understanding of common patterns in distributional equity. This study examines the distributional equity of street tree density, size, and diversity in 32 Canadian cities to explore congruent and conflicting associations between urban forest distribution and measures of population density and multiple deprivation. Across all cities, tree density was less equally distributed than tree size with median Gini Indices of 0.401 and 0.469, respectively. Socio-demographic associations with street tree characteristics varied, but inequities were generally present across several indicators of marginalization. Given these differing patterns of inequities, researchers must be wary of extrapolating case-study observations to national or regional scales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".