Birth outcomes of cohabiting and non-cohabiting minors and young adults in Argentina, 2001–2021: a population-based register study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maternal age and cohabitation (women living with a partner in marriage or in a common-law relationship) are known to be associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, how these two factors jointly contribute to birth outcomes is not well understood, particularly among minor mothers. METHODS: All live births that occurred in Argentina 2001-2021 (N=13 807 028) were used to estimate the prevalence of births to minor mothers (<18 years). In analyses restricted to mothers aged ≤24 years (N=5 159 231), multinomial and binary logistic models were used to obtain crude and adjusted ORs (aOR) for the joint association between cohabitation status and maternal age groups (minors: ≤15 and 16-17 years, and young adults: 18-19 years and 20-24 years) with preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational age (SGA) groups and repeat birth. RESULTS: Minor mothers accounted for 6% of all births (n=791 731), lived in poor regions and were more likely to have incomplete primary education and no employment. Among mothers aged <24 years, adverse outcomes jointly varied according to cohabitation status and maternal age (p value for interaction <0.001 in all models). Adverse outcomes were more frequent among minors. Compared with non-cohabiting mothers aged 20-24 years, cohabiting mothers aged 20-24 years had lower odds of very PTB (0.82% vs 1.19%), moderately PTB (7.15% vs 6.33%), extreme SGA (1.98% vs 2.56%) and moderately SGA (3.63% vs 4.48%, respectively). However, compared with non-cohabiting mothers aged 20-24 years, cohabiting minor mothers, particularly those aged ≤15 years had higher odds of very PTB (24-31 gestation weeks) (AOR: 1.86 (95% CI 1.76, 1.97)), moderately PTB (32-36 weeks) (AOR: 1.53 (95% CI 1.49, 1.57)), extreme SGA (<3rd percentile) (AOR: 1.10 (95% CI 1.06, 1.14)) and moderately SGA (3rd to <10th percentile) (AOR: 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.08)). CONCLUSIONS: The cohabitation advantage among young adults was not observed among minor mothers, particularly those aged ≤15 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".