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Record W4410077235 · doi:10.1080/1474225x.2025.2489262

Sexism in Canadian churches: A literature review

2025· review· en· W4410077235 on OpenAlexaffabout
Cynthia Tam

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal for the Study of the Christian Church · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicReligion and Society Interactions
Canadian institutionsMcMaster Divinity College
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSociologyTheologyPolitical sciencePhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this literature review, I integrate available data on the experiences of Canadian female ministers to assess the cultural impact on their roles within the church. The review reveals a widespread presence of sexism in Canadian churches across various denominations, including those with a long history of ordaining women. Canadian churches remain male-dominant workplaces, with conditions that are often less equitable than those in the broader Canadian workforce. Women encounter a significant discrepancy between their churches’ stated beliefs and actual practices, making their ministry experiences feel like an uphill battle. These findings highlight the necessity for Canadian churches to go beyond merely ordaining women. A deeper commitment to transforming church culture towards mutual love and respect is essential for truly reflecting Christ’s love in the community.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.478
Threshold uncertainty score0.910

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0030.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.051
GPT teacher head0.450
Teacher spread0.399 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

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