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Record W4410081214 · doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01208-2

Health leaders’ perspectives and attitudes on medical assistance in dying and its legalization: a qualitative study

2025· article· en· W4410081214 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Amanda Yee, Eryn Tong, Rinat Nissim, Camilla Zimmermann, Sara Allin, Jennifer Gibson, Madeline Li, Gary Rodin, Gilla K. Shapiro

Bibliographic record

VenueBMC Medical Ethics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPalliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Canadian institutionsPrincess Margaret Cancer CentrePublic Health OntarioUniversity of Toronto
FundersUniversity of Toronto
KeywordsLegalizationSnowball samplingThematic analysisHealth careQualitative researchPhilosophy of medicineIdeologyPublic relationsPublic healthSociologyPalliative careNursingPsychologyPolitical sciencePoliticsMedicineLawSocial scienceAlternative medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) has transformed health policy and practice on death and dying. However, there has been limited research on what shaped its emergence in Canada and the beliefs and views of health leaders who hold positions of influence in the healthcare system and can guide policy and practice. The objective of this study was to examine health leaders' perspectives on the factors that led to the emergence of MAiD and explore their attitudes about the legalization of MAiD. METHODS: In this qualitative study, we conducted online semi-structured interviews with health leaders from April 2021 to January 2022. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit health leaders who have expertise and engagement with the delivery of MAiD or palliative and end-of-life care, and who hold positions of leadership relevant to MAiD in their respective organisations. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. RESULTS: Thirty-six health leaders were interviewed. Participants identified six factors that they believed to have led to the introduction of MAiD in Canada: public advocacy and influence; judicial system and notable MAiD legal cases; political ideology and landscape; policy diffusion; healthcare system emphasis on a patient-centred care approach; and changes in societal and cultural values. Participants expressed wide-ranging attitudes on the legalization of MAiD. Some described overall agreement with the introduction of MAiD, while still raising concerns regarding vulnerability. Others held neutral attitudes and indicated that their attitudes changed on a case-by-case basis. Participants described four factors that they considered to have had influence on their attitudes: personal illness experiences; professional experiences and identity; moral and religious beliefs; and, the valence of patient autonomy and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the wide-ranging and complex attitudes health leaders may hold towards MAiD and identifies the convergence of multiple factors that may have contributed to the legalization of MAiD in Canada. Understanding health leaders' attitudes and perspectives on the legalization of MAiD may inform stakeholders in other countries who are considering the legalization of assisted dying.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.045
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.162
Threshold uncertainty score0.963

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.045
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.387
GPT teacher head0.593
Teacher spread0.206 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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