A Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface With Surface-Wave Assisted Beamforming Capabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The integration of tunability mechanisms in the metasurface design has unleashed a tremendous potential for wireless communications. In particular, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can manipulate the reflections of an incident electromagnetic wave at will, based on the real-time conditions, with the aim of enhancing communication links. In this paper, we develop an RIS at C band that operates with a transverse-electric (TE) polarization and can shape the radiation pattern at a single plane with high-accuracy, in addition to the more conventional beamsteering functionalities. The beamforming is facilitated by subwavelength unit cells that allow the excitation of auxiliary surface waves in the vicinity of the RIS. Importantly, these evanescent fields are predicted and harnessed through an integral-equation framework used for the analysis and optimization of the RIS. A fabricated prototype demonstrates beamsteering up to ±60° with an average illumination efficiency of 95% and sector patterns with a varying beamwidth (ranging from 30° to 60°) that verify the full-wave simulations. Lastly, losses are predicted and constrained during the optimization stage leading to solutions with relatively high power efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".