Dynamic Reconstruction of Crystal/Amorphous Hetero‐Phosphate Janus Interfaces for Highly Stable Seawater Splitting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The abundant seawater resources provide favorable advantages for the large‐scale application of seawater electrolysis to produce hydrogen. However, the catalysts are prone to triggering the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) and are easily corroded by Cl − , which are key challenges that need urgent resolution in seawater electrolysis technology. Here, a crystal/amorphous heterostructure bifunctional composite catalyst (caMo‐NiFePO/NMF) for seawater splitting is synthesized through in situ etching and phosphorylation. The incorporation of Mo facilitates the formation of crystalline‐amorphous interfaces and adjusts the Fe electronic states and d‐band centers, thereby boosting the adsorption capacity of * OOH intermediates and the repulsion of Cl − , forming a dynamic * OOH‐rich, Cl − ‐poor Janus interface. This enhances catalytic activity and prevents catalyst deep reconstruction toward hydroxyl metal oxide, leading to highly stable and effective seawater splitting. Noteworthy, the caMo‐NiFePO/NMF requires a low overpotential of 328 mV to reach 500 mA cm −2 in alkaline seawater for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), avoiding triggering CER. It also shows excellent activity with 327 mV to 500 mA cm −2 in alkaline seawater for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As a bifunctional catalyst, caMo‐NiFePO/NMF demonstrates excellent performance with a cell potential of 1.7 V to achieve 100 mA cm −2 in alkaline seawater, maintaining remarkable stability over 1000 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".