The tensile mechanics of creped fiber networks: Effects of interfacial-delamination, buckling, and damage
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paper products, like tissue paper, are composed of bonded wood fiber networks. Dry creping is an industrial process used in tissue manufacturing. In this process, a wet paper sheet (web) is adhered to a high-speed metal dryer (substrate). The dried sheet is then scraped off against a stationary metal blade, leading to web-substrate debonding, sheet folding, and damage caused by the rupture of interfiber bonds. This process creates a microfolded structure, leading to a nonlinear tensile response and high failure strain, while sheet-damage results in sheet de-densification (through thickness explosion). Based on the visualized creped structures, creped sheets are classified as shaped-bulk (folding-dominated) or explosive-bulk (damage-dominated). While factors affecting sheet-folding have been studied extensively, the effects of sheet-damage on structural and tensile properties have not been previously studied. Using a Discrete Element Method (DEM) to model low grammage fiber networks, we simulate creping with a bilinear elastoplastic fiber model. We demonstrate that altering sheet–substrate bond (adhesive) properties relative to interfiber bonds shifts creping from shaped-bulk to explosive-bulk. Signatures of the above two creping modes are identified. Shaped-bulk sheets exhibit fewer interfiber bond ruptures, a higher degree-of-folding (waviness), and a less through-thickness explosion, while explosive-bulk sheets show the opposite traits. During tensile deformation, bending dominates initially, followed by an increased axial deformation near failure as unfolding occurs. The transition from shaped-bulk to explosive-bulk creping shows an initial increase in stiffness followed by a decline, and a gradual then rapid, decrease in tensile strength.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it