Young adults with type 2 diabetes experience high rates of Level 3 Hypoglycemia: A subgroup analysis of the Real-World iNPHORM cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: This study evaluated the incidence proportion and rate of self-reported Level 3 hypoglycemia and explored associated risk factors in young adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Subgroup analyses with a one-year U.S.-wide T2D dataset were performed. Retrospective and prospective data on Level 3 hypoglycemia and participant characteristics were analyzed for 207 young adults (18-39 years old) and 436 middle-aged adults (40-64 years old). Age group-stratified multivariable negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with Level 3 hypoglycemia. RESULTS: Young adults exhibited a threefold higher incidence of Level 3 hypoglycemia events requiring medical assistance compared to the middle-aged cohort at baseline (p < 0.001). During follow-up, the young adults experienced a twofold higher incidence proportion of Level 3 hypoglycemia (p < 0.001), and n a fivefold higher annualized rate (p < 0.001); they also reported greater hypoglycemia fear (p < 0.001). Distinct sociodemographics, general health and lifestyle factors, diabetes medical history, and diabetes therapy and technology use characteristics were observed in the young-adult group, as were unique risk factors for Level 3 hypoglycemia frequency CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that young adults with T2D are at particularly high risk of Level 3 hypoglycemia, with attributes that differ from those of the traditional middle-aged cohort.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".