Asymmetric phase transitions in lipid bilayers: coupling or bending?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
LUVs were recorded with pressure perturbation calorimetry; vesicle budding was monitored by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and visualized by cryo-transmission electron microscopy. An HPLC protocol was established to quantify the total DPPG content; zeta potential was used to detect outer-leaflet DPPG. It turned out to be possible to prepare aLUVs at 5 and 15 °C, with the outer leaflet partially in the gel phase. The properties of the final aLUVs depended on the preparation temperature. aLUVs prepared at 5 and 15 °C caused the budding of exovesicles upon heating and only weak coupling of the phase transitions of the leaflets. aLUVs prepared at 30 °C with both leaflets in the fluid state showed stronger coupling upon asymmetric freezing/melting at lower temperature. This is in line with the hypotheses that (i) the exchange of lipid between close-to lipid-saturated cyclodextrin and acceptor vesicles at a given temperature results in largely stress-free bilayers and (ii) that outside budding and coupling are, to some extent, alternative responses of the bilayer to asymmetric expansion. These hypotheses help explaining our and some literature data; the overall understanding and prediction of coupling for any given aLUV system remains an urgent, open question.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".