Balancing Ecology, Economy, and Community: An Analytic Network Process (ANP) Framework for Sustainable Ecotourism Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sustainable ecotourism development requires balancing ecological, economic, and community interests; however, integrated prioritization frameworks remain underdeveloped, particularly in emerging regions.Addressing this gap, this study employs the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to evaluate and rank sustainable ecotourism strategies in North Aceh, Indonesia.Data were collected from 12 key stakeholders, including government officials, academics, and community leaders, through structured pairwise comparisons based on a developed ANP model comprising three clusters and nine sub-strategies.Consistency ratios were verified, and Super Decisions software was utilized for limit matrix convergence.Results indicate that Community-Based Ecotourism Development is the top priority (global priority = 0.188401), followed by Economic Empowerment and Social Equity (0.141022), Technology-Based Ecotourism Development and Environmental Management (0.126867), while Ecotourism Digitalization ranked lowest (0.009748).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these rankings.The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, providing a replicable and adaptable framework for sustainable ecotourism planning in regions with similar socio-ecological dynamics, thus contributing to achieving SDGs 8, 12, and 15.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".