Visible enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy via frequency-doubling of picosecond pulses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report visible-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering (VIS-SRS) microscopy by direct frequency-doubling of picosecond pulsed lasers. Compared to previous reports from femtosecond sources, our setup is greatly simplified by removing the need to perform spectral focusing and allows for quick wavelength tuning for sparse multi-channel imaging across a large spectral range. We report a signal enhancement of 3.2-fold for the C-H bond from decane, consistent with theoretical analysis, and up to 483-fold with resonance enhancement. We showcase a multi-channel imaging application in HeLa cells and demonstrate a spatial resolution down to 47 nm from 5xFAD mouse brain tissues coupled with Raman-tailored sample-expansion. Finally, we discuss the future applications and limitations of our picosecond-doubled VIS-SRS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".