Automated Parts Segmentation of Sperm via a Contrastive Learning-Based Part Matching Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sperm morphology measurement is vital for diagnosing male infertility, which involves quantification of multiple subcellular parts for each sperm. Instance-aware part segmentation networks have been introduced to address this task by automatically identifying individual sperm and segmenting their subcellular parts. However, major limitations of state-of-the-art instance-aware part segmentation networks include: 1) they are time-consuming and computational expensive due to sequential processing and multi-stage frameworks; 2) they perform poorly for densely packed sperm that overlap or cross over one another. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes 1) integrating instance identification and subcellular part segmentation within a single-stage framework to save inference time and memory usage; 2) dividing a sperm target into simpler components (head and tail) to improve prediction accuracy, followed by a contrastive learning-based matching method to pair the head and tail. Experimental results on our clinically collected human sperm dataset demonstrated that the proposed network not only outperformed state-of-the-art CP-Net (by 3.5% APp vol) but also achieved realtime inference (48.0 frames per second), effectively meeting the clinical requirements for automated parts segmentation of sperm. final part segmentation results. 2) Since the sperm head and tail have simpler shapes, they are detected separately to improve segmentation accuracy. A contrastive learning-based method is then designed to pair head and tail based on similarity of feature embeddings extracted from the proposed instance prediction branch. The proposed method significantly outperformed existing networks, particularly in handling densely packed sperm. The presented method has applicability to analyzing sperm and more broadly other cell types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".