Commemoration and the Construction of Nationalism: War Memorial Museums in Korea and Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This essay looks at two war memorial museums that commemorate military dead in their respective nations: the War Memorial of Korea (hereafter WMK) in South Korea and the Yushukan, the Japanese war museum located in Yasukuni Shrine in Japan, both of which play crucial roles in enhancing conservative patriotic nationalisms in the two countries. Like other war memorial museums, the WMK commemorates the war dead who sacrificed their lives for the defense of the nation and imbues with patriotic spirit the younger generations who have no memory of war. Yet it also constructs an “ethnic” lineage of the nation, a sacrifice of forefathers for the children of the nation. It seeks to form a national subject based on the idea of Korean ethnic nation as originated from ancient times. The author shows how the museum constructs a tradition of military patriotism in terms of shared ancestry, ethnic purity, and familial belonging and how this process of making a “we” is closely related to the construction of “others,” namely North Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. For a comparison, it examines how the Yushukan seeks to revive imperial Japan's glorification of war based on the idea of the ethnic superiority of the Japanese. Comparing war museums in Japan and Korea, the author argues that despite their antagonistic discourses, they display similar strategies of representation: staging a ritual dedicated to the war dead as an embodiment of national identity. Although embedded in conflicting historical experiences of colonialism and postwar geopolitics, the two war museums demonstrate the growing obsession with the ethnic origin of the nation, which may develop into hostile attitudes towards resident ethnic minorities and foreigners in the increasingly globalizing contemporary social environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".