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Record W4410191170 · doi:10.1145/3723010.3723018

A Cookbook for Eye Tracking in Software Engineering

2025· article· en· W4410191170 on OpenAlexaff
Lisa Grabinger, Naser Al Madi, Roman Bednarik, Teresa Busjahn, Fabian Engl, Timur Ezer, Hans Gruber, Florian Häuser, Jonathan I. Maletic, Unaizah Obaidellah, Kang-il Park, Bonita Sharif, Zohreh Sharafi, Lynsay A. Shepherd, Juergen Mottok

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicGaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Canadian institutionsPolytechnique Montréal
FundersBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
KeywordsComputer scienceEye trackingSoftwareSoftware engineeringTracking (education)Artificial intelligenceProgramming language

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Eye tracking technology offers valuable insights into how developers and users interact with software artifacts, tools, and interfaces. However, conducting empirical eye tracking research comes with a number of challenges. To assist researchers and students new to the field, this article provides a concise summary of the background as well as the key considerations. As an additional resource, we present a detailed checklist along with its application. Note that both the outline and the checklist are specifically tailored to, but not limited to, the context of software engineering research.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.783
Threshold uncertainty score0.262

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.273
Teacher spread0.263 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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