Ion channel expression in intrinsic cardiac neurons: new players in cardiac channelopathies?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system is an important modulator of electrical disorders observed in cardiac pathologies through changes in the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. The final common pathway for cardiac neuronal autonomic control resides in the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS), composed of intracardiac neurons (ICN), and which allows sympathetic-parasympathetic efferent neuronal interactions at intracardiac sites. The ICNS is a complex system that plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiac physiological parameters and has been shown to contribute to cardiac diseases, in particular cardiac arrhythmias. It is therefore crucial to understand the molecular determinants, such as ion channels, that control the excitability of the ICNS and their potential modulation in pathological conditions. This review discusses several ion channels expressed by ICN, including potassium channels (e.g., inward rectifier, calcium-dependent, voltage-activated, muscarinic-sensitive), voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels, and their potential involvement in cardiac pathologies. We highlight the need for further research on ICN ion channels, particularly under pathological conditions, to develop therapies for cardiac arrhythmias.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".