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Record W4410211442 · doi:10.1111/cag.70015

Valuing a new “good”: Debates over the value of the social good in Canada's Social Finance Fund

2025· article· en· W4410211442 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Dan Cohen

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicCommunity Development and Social Impact
Canadian institutionsQueen's University
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsValue (mathematics)EconomicsFinanceSociologyMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Despite promises of blending financial returns and social good to produce positive impact, what distinguishes “social” finance from the more traditional financial sector is ambiguous and often contested. Indeed, while financial returns are easily quantified and defined, the idea of a social return contains a plurality of understandings of how the social good is valued, who has power over its valuation, and its relative worth in comparison to financial returns. This article addresses this tension through examining how the concept of the social good has been understood and contested in the creation of Canada's Social Finance Fund. Using the creation of the fund in 2018 as a departure point, I outline the results of 37 interviews with social finance participants including representatives from social purpose organizations, intermediaries, and investors. Based on these interviews, I argue that struggles over how to value the social good hinge on the geographic imaginaries of those involved in the sector, power relations that privilege investors, and the models of organization which are embedded in existing investment systems. However, despite the relative power of investors, the need for social sector buy‐in allows non‐profits and service providers to influence how ideas of the social good manifest in valuation processes.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.009
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.011
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.193
Threshold uncertainty score0.936

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0090.011
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0320.041
Scholarly communication0.0170.004
Open science0.0020.006
Research integrity0.0030.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.206
Teacher spread0.190 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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