“We Live Virtually, but Together”: Expanding the Social Remittance Discourse with Armenian Non-Migrants’ Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the complex nature of exchanges within social, political, and cultural remittances between Armenian migrants living abroad and their families and communities of origin. By focusing on both household and community levels, it highlights a two-way process: transfers from migrants to their home communities and, conversely, from these communities back to the migrants. Using examples from regions with different migration policies and economic conditions, including Russia, Europe, the United States, and Canada, the study provides a comprehensive view of these exchanges. Challenging the view of non-migrants as passive recipients, the article advocates for greater attention to the roles and experiences of non-migrants in transnational migration studies. By investigating the flow and influence of social remittances—ideas, practices, and social norms exchanged across borders—the study reveals how non-migrants participate in shaping transnational social ties. Moreover, we look at these connections from the perspective of migrants' integration into host societies. We argue that non-migrants not only receive but also send back social remittances, thereby influencing both their local and diaspora communities. This perspective highlights the transformative impact of transnational ties, not only for migrants but also for the broader community networks involved in these cross-border exchanges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".