Bridging the gap: Empowering manufacturing and production small medium enterprises through industrial Internet of Things adoption model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is revolutionising manufacturing and production of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by enhancing efficiency and product quality. While developed countries like the USA, UK, Canada, Finland, and Japan have widely adopted IIoT, developing nations such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Malaysia are still lagging. This study explores IIoT adoption in manufacturing SMEs, emphasising its potential for economic growth despite challenges like budget constraints and skill gaps in developing countries. It presents a novel model based on 17 factors from the TOEI (Technology, Organization, Environment, and Individual) framework to support decision‐makers in integrating IIoT technologies. The model’s reliability and validity are confirmed through rigorous testing and a survey of three SMEs. This proposed model serves as a roadmap for SMEs, breaking down complex processes into manageable steps, and providing SMEs with a structured approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".