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ILD or Covid: A Case of Chameleons

2025· article· en· W4410275414 on OpenAlexaff
Kate Skolnik, N.A. Adderley

Bibliographic record

VenueAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicTumors and Oncological Cases
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Medicine2019-20 coronavirus outbreakSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)BetacoronavirusPandemicCoronavirus InfectionsVirologyOutbreakPathologyInfectious disease (medical specialty)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract INTRODUCTION Our case illustrates the challenges of diagnosing and treating lung disease in the setting of RA and immunosuppression. CASEA 65 yo female with RA, (treated with rituximab 10 months prior), Myelodysplastic syndrome, remote Aplastic anemia without prior lung disease presented with back pain, cough and lower lobe pulmonary opacities consistent with pneumonia. Her medications included tylenol and naproxen-esomeprazole. She had never smoked, vaped, or used recreational drugs. There were no environmental exposures. She received 10 days of clavulin. Symptoms and labs normalized, however there was incomplete radiographic resolution one month later. Spirometry was normal but there was reduction in diffusing capacity. Three months later, similar symptoms occurred. A CT showed new upper lobe peripheral opacities. White blood cell count and differential was normal. C-reactive protein was 78 m/ mL. On bronchoscopy, all bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial and viral studies were normal. Transbronchial biopsies demonstrated patchy chronic interstitial pneumonitis without granuloma, vasculitis, infection, or malignancy. A working diagnosis of organizing pneumonia was made. She was initiated on prednisone 50 mg OD and PJP prophylaxis in December with a planned 6 month taper. While her respiratory symptoms and pulmonary opacities improved, in March she received rituximab for RA flare. By April, her exertional dyspnea and dry cough reached a plateau. By May, on 15 mg of prednisone, symptoms gradually worsened and forced vital capacity declined by 10%. She denied sputum, fevers, chills, or viral symptoms. Her exam was unremarkable. A CT chest showed bilateral lower lobe opacities, patchy ground glass, minor reticulation, and traction bronchiectasis. Consensus from ILD Multidisciplinary Rounds was that this was connective tissue disease-related ILD and mycophenolate should be initiated. Although no infectious symptoms, out of caution a bronchoscopy was performed. Unexpectedly, the lavage demonstrated Covid and all other investigations were negative. She received 10 days of remdesivir, a dose of intravenous immunoglobulin G, and continued on prednisone 10 mg with rapid resolution of symptoms and improvement of radiographic findings. Ten days of nirmatrelvir with ritonavir were given to facilitate complete Covid clearance. A CT chest 3 months after the admission demonstrated resolution of the majority of abnormalities. DISCUSSION Pulmonary manifestations of RA can include organizing pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pleural effusion, and increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. While Covid can also cause organizing pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, our case highlights how prolonged Covid infection without classic symptoms or hypoxia can mimic ILD.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.712
Threshold uncertainty score0.763

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.391
Teacher spread0.355 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designOther design
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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