Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Index Influences the Relationship Between Daily Home Fine and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Exposure and Symptoms in Children With Asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rationale: Children with asthma have recognized susceptibility to indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with higher exposures linked to more respiratory symptoms. Smaller particles (i.e. ultrafine particles, UFP or PM0.1) in indoor air, which can penetrate further in the lung and even into the systemic circulation, are also of high concern. While higher reported intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with reduced symptomatic response to indoor PM2.5, potential impact on the response to UFP is unclear. Further, there is a need to investigate these relationships using validated dietary biomarkers such as the red blood cell (RBC) membrane Omega-3 Index ([eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]/total amount of fatty acids x 100%), representative of usual omega-3 intake. Methods: The AIRWEIGHS Trial enrolled children with asthma in Baltimore City, age 8-17 years, for randomization 1:1 to a 12-week home air cleaner intervention vs. sham control. Among a subset of participants, daily average indoor UFP levels (lung deposited surface area, µm2/cm3) and PM2.5 concentrations (µg/m3) were measured for one week pre- and post-intervention via Naneos© Partector and Thermo Fisher Scientific© pDR1200s, respectively. Daily symptom diaries (cough, wheeze, dyspnea, and rescue inhaler use) were completed by participants during home monitoring. Red blood cells collected from participants were processed via capillary column-negative ion mass spectrometry to calculate the Omega-3 Index. To investigate how the Omega-3 index modified the symptomatic response to daily indoor PM2.5 and UFP, repeated measure logistic or Poisson generalized estimating equations were applied using log-transformed pollutant concentrations at representative lags. Models were adjusted for relevant covariates, including the alternate mean daily pollutant (PM2.5 or UFP) concentration. Results: Forty-eight children completed daily pollutant monitoring, symptom reporting, and provided a blood sample for RBC membrane measurement for 199 person-days of available data. Average age was 10 years. The majority were Black (∼90%), male (∼60%), and reported public insurance (∼80%). Mean omega-3 index was 2.85 (SD 0.65). Independent of PM2.5, at a 12-hour lag (lag 1) higher omega-3 index mitigated the impact of UFP on reported inhaler use; at 60-hours a higher omega-3 index mitigated nearly all reported symptoms. Independent of UFP, higher omega-3 index was associated with a mitigated symptomatic response to PM2.5 at all lags. Conclusions: Higher omega-3 index mitigated the symptomatic response to both indoor UFP and PM2.5 in children with asthma and may be an important target to explore in building respiratory resiliency to air pollutant exposures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".