Charged-hadron and identified-hadron ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ) yield measurements in photonuclear <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="0.16em"/> <mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with ATLAS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the measurement of charged-hadron and identified-hadron ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:msubsup> <a:mi>K</a:mi> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">S</a:mi> <a:mn>0</a:mn> </a:msubsup> <a:mo>,</a:mo> <a:mo> </a:mo> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</a:mi> <a:mo>,</a:mo> <a:mo> </a:mo> <a:msup> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</a:mi> <a:mo>−</a:mo> </a:msup> </a:math> ) yields in photonuclear collisions using <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <e:mrow> <e:mn>1.7</e:mn> <e:mspace width="0.16em"/> <e:msup> <e:mi>nb</e:mi> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>1</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> </e:mrow> </e:math> of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <g:mrow> <g:msqrt> <g:msub> <g:mi>s</g:mi> <g:mrow> <g:mi>N</g:mi> <g:mi>N</g:mi> </g:mrow> </g:msub> </g:msqrt> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>5.02</g:mn> <g:mspace width="0.16em"/> <g:mi>TeV</g:mi> </g:mrow> <g:mo> </g:mo> <g:mrow> <g:mi>Pb</g:mi> <g:mo>+</g:mo> <g:mi>Pb</g:mi> </g:mrow> </g:math> data collected in 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Candidate photonuclear events are selected using a combination of tracking and calorimeter information, including the zero-degree calorimeter. The yields as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are measured in these photonuclear collisions as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. These photonuclear results are compared with <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <i:mrow> <i:mn>0.1</i:mn> <i:mspace width="0.16em"/> <i:msup> <i:mi>nb</i:mi> <i:mrow> <i:mo>−</i:mo> <i:mn>1</i:mn> </i:mrow> </i:msup> </i:mrow> </i:math> of <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <k:mrow> <k:msqrt> <k:msub> <k:mi>s</k:mi> <k:mrow> <k:mi>N</k:mi> <k:mi>N</k:mi> </k:mrow> </k:msub> </k:msqrt> <k:mo>=</k:mo> <k:mn>5.02</k:mn> <k:mspace width="0.16em"/> <k:mi>TeV</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mo> </k:mo> <k:mrow> <k:mi>p</k:mi> <k:mo>+</k:mo> <k:mi>Pb</k:mi> </k:mrow> </k:math> data collected in 2016 by ATLAS using similar charged-particle multiplicity selections. These photonuclear measurements shed light on potential quark-gluon plasma formation in photonuclear collisions via observables sensitive to radial flow, enhanced baryon-to-meson ratios, and strangeness enhancement. The results are also compared with the Monte Carlo generator and hydrodynamic calculations to test whether such photonuclear collisions may produce small droplets of quark-gluon plasma that flow collectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.009 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.018 | 0.018 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.220 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".