Extending the Dynamic Range of Square-Law Power Detectors for Large-Scale Receiver Arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter proposes and investigates a solution to extend the compression point (P1dB) and dynamic range (DR) of square-law power detectors. A nonlinear driver stage is incorporated before the detector to compensate for the detector’sI–Vcurve nonideality, enabling distortion-free mixing over a wider range of input RF signals. The modified MOSFET-based detector demonstration achieves a 14-dB increase in P1dB, raising the baseline from −10 to over 4 dBm while maintaining a bias current consumption of$5~\mu $A. An off-the-shelf BJT proof-of-concept verification shows an 11-dB P1dB extension, reaching 0 dBm. The enhanced performance, combined with its compatibility with integrated circuit (IC) implementation and low-power local oscillator (LO) requirements, makes it a promising alternative to heterodyne mixers in the development of large-scale receiver arrays for integrated millimeter-wave and terahertz applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".