Appetitive aggression and associated factors among military soldiers retiring from active service in Uganda
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Appetitive aggression is a type of aggression that is characterized by a fascination with violence and a desire to inflict pain on the perceived enemy. This type of aggression has mainly been studied among former child soldiers and demobilized combatants. Information on appetitive aggression among retiring active service officers is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of appetitive aggression and the associated factors among soldiers who are retiring from active service in Uganda.Methods: A sample of 247 retiring military soldiers from the Uganda People’s Defence Force (UPDF), who had assembled at Gaddafi Barracks in Jinja district in eastern Uganda in preparation for the retirement exercise, was randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. We assessed participants for appetitive aggression using the Appetitive Aggression Scale, and also collected information on alcohol and drug use, exposure to traumatic life events, post-traumatic stress disorder, childhood trauma, and depression. We ran logistic regression models to determine the factors associated with appetitive aggression among the study participants.Results: Ninety-seven per cent (n = 239) of the participants were male and the mean age was 46 years. The prevalence of appetitive aggression was 58%. Not being depressed (p = .040) and experience of traumatic events (p = .001) were associated with high odds of appetitive aggression.Conclusion: The prevalence of appetitive aggression among the study participants was high. Having experienced traumatic events was associated with a greater odds of appetitive aggression, while having depression was protective against appetitive aggression. Interventions aimed at preventing appetitive aggression among soldiers should target addressing the trauma experienced during their line of duty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".