The clathrin adaptor ECA4 negatively regulates plant immunity through modulating BDA1 levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plants employ plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense pathogens and activate downstream defense responses. One class of plant PRRs is receptor-like proteins (RLPs). In Arabidopsis, activation of RLP SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1-1, CONSTITUTIVE 2 (SNC2) signals through parallel transcription factors SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) and CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 60 g (CBP60g). The autoimmunity of snc2-1D was partially suppressed in sard1-1 snc2-1D and cbp60g-1 snc2-1D. Here, we report the identification of a gain-of-function allele of EPSIN-LIKE CLATHRIN ADAPTOR 4 (ECA4), which suppresses the autoimmunity of sard1-1 snc2-1D. ECA4 encodes a clathrin adaptor involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The eca4-4D single mutant as well as ECA4 overexpression lines exhibit compromised resistance against pathogens, supporting its negative role in plant immunity. Further analysis showed that ECA4 negatively regulates the protein levels of BDA1, a transmembrane protein required for SNC2-mediated immunity. Consistently, eca4-4D partially suppresses the autoimmunity of bda1-17D, a gain-of-function allele of bda1. Taken together, unlike the known roles of clathrin and its homologous clathrin adaptor EPSIN1 in PRR endocytosis, ECA4 appears to suppress immunity through modulating the protein levels of BDA1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".