Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
VenueNature Genetics · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Canadian institutionsUniversity of CalgaryBC Mental Health & Substance Use ServicesHealth Sciences CentreSunnybrook Health Science CentreMcMaster UniversityBC Children's HospitalDalhousie UniversityUniversity of TorontoCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaHospital for Sick Children
FundersFP7 HealthJane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los AngelesEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNIH Clinical CenterNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institute on AgingNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNorwegian Institute of Public HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneyNational Institute of General Medical SciencesCenter for Innovative MedicineNeuroscience Center Zurich, University of ZurichAgència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de RecercaNational Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Human Genome Research InstituteDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityYale UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineInstituto Nacional de Medicina GenómicaNational Institutes of HealthIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchCumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryGentofte HospitalKing's College LondonSt. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i TrondheimDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftOntario Council on Graduate Studies, Council of Ontario UniversitiesAssistance publique-Hôpitaux de ParisDepartment of Health and Social CareNovo Nordisk FondenUniversität zu KölnUniversitat de BarcelonaForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdH. Lundbeck A/SInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsRegion HovedstadenUniversitetet i BergenHelse Midt-NorgeVetenskapsrådetNovo NordiskUniversitetet i OsloLundbeckfondenUniversité Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-MarneUniversiteit StellenboschAFA FörsäkringKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van WetenschappenInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonBrown UniversityNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungKarolinska InstitutetDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchUniversity of QueenslandNIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research CentreRijksuniversiteit GroningenMinistero della SaluteCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalNational Research FoundationSouth African Medical Research CouncilDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative ErkrankungenNational Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsQueensland HealthMathison Centre for Mental Health Research and EducationStichting Volksbond RotterdamDella Martin FoundationQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteVanderbilt University Medical CenterEuropean College of NeuropsychopharmacologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAarhus UniversitetshospitalBeatrice and Samuel A. Seaver FoundationAarhus UniversitetStockholms Läns LandstingNorges ForskningsrådMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della RicercaFakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige UniversitetInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversità degli Studi di MilanoFudan UniversityGöteborgs UniversitetTrond Mohn stiftelseHospital for Sick ChildrenMassachusetts General HospitalKlarman Family FoundationMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesBC Children's HospitalHelse- og OmsorgsdepartementetSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustOffice of Research and DevelopmentUniversitair Medisch Centrum GroningenEuropean Regional Development FundInternational OCD FoundationUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaEidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZürichEuropean Social FundMedical Research CouncilTartu ÜlikoolFundació la Marató de TV3Johns Hopkins UniversityNorthwestern UniversityEuropean CommissionHelsingin YliopistoUniversität ZürichUniversity of Cape TownGeorgia Clinical and Translational Science AllianceSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityUniversity of New South WalesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillWayne State UniversityUniversitätsspital ZürichVanderbilt University
KeywordsGenome-wide association studyBiologyGeneticsGenetic architectureHeritabilityGenetic associationSingle-nucleotide polymorphismGenePhenotypeGenotype
Abstract
fetched live from OpenAlexAbstract Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) affects ~1% of children and adults and is partly caused by genetic factors. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis combining 53,660 OCD cases and 2,044,417 controls and identified 30 independent genome-wide significant loci. Gene-based approaches identified 249 potential effector genes for OCD, with 25 of these classified as the most likely causal candidates, including WDR6 , DALRD3 and CTNND1 and multiple genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. We estimated that ~11,500 genetic variants explained 90% of OCD genetic heritability. OCD genetic risk was associated with excitatory neurons in the hippocampus and the cortex, along with D 1 and D 2 type dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons. OCD genetic risk was shared with 65 of 112 additional phenotypes, including all the psychiatric disorders we examined. In particular, OCD shared genetic risk with anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa and Tourette syndrome and was negatively associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, educational attainment and body mass index.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.917
Threshold uncertainty score0.999
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Teacher spread0.357 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
