Adapting to climate change: A two-stage Nash equilibrium model of coalition formation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a two-stage noncooperative game theoretic model to describe the coalition formation of countries which decide to jointly invest in research and developments projects to mitigate the damages induced by climate changes.The first-stage game is a finite game where each country has only two strategies: sign or not an international agreement with other countries, while the second-stage game is a generalized Nash equilibrium problem, where each country aims to find the optimal levels of pollutant emission and effort in research and development projects.The variational equilibrium of the second-stage game is reformulated as an equivalent variational inequality with a reduced number of variables and the monotonicity of the corresponding operator is investigated.Finally, the impact of the coalition on the reduction of the environmental damage is numerically investigated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it