Disentangling coexisting sensory pathways of interaction in schooling fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fish swimming together in schools interact via multiple sensory pathways, including vision, acoustics and hydrodynamics, to coordinate their movements. Disentangling the specific role of each sensory pathway is an open and important question. Here, we propose an information-theoretic approach to dissect interactions between swimming fish based on their movement and the flow velocity at selected measurement points in the environment. We test the approach in a controlled mechanical system constituted by an actively pitching airfoil and a compliant flag that simulates the behaviour of two fish swimming in line. The system consists of two distinct types of interactions – hydrodynamic and electromechanical. By using transfer entropy of the measured time series, we unveil a strong causal influence of the airfoil pitching on the flag undulation with an accurate estimate of the time delay between the two. By conditioning the computation on the flow-speed information, recorded by laser Doppler velocimetry, we discover a significant reduction in transfer entropy, correctly implying the presence of a hydrodynamic pathway of interaction. Similarly, the electromechanical pathway of interaction is identified accurately when present. The study supports the potential use of information-theoretic methods to decipher the existence of different pathways of interaction between schooling fish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".