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Record W4410353565 · doi:10.1162/imag.a.20

Electrophysiological signatures of ongoing thoughts during naturalistic behavior

2025· article· en· W4410353565 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueImaging Neuroscience · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicMind wandering and attention
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoHotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary
FundersNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institute of Mental HealthNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsElectrophysiologyPsychologyCognitive psychologyNeural correlates of consciousnessNeuroimagingBrain activity and meditationSet (abstract data type)ElectroencephalographyNeuroscienceComputer scienceCognition

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Humans engage in a continuous stream of ongoing mental experience. Recent work examining the neural correlates of several dimensions of thoughts has revealed their functional connectivity patterns using fMRI during constrained experimental tasks. Less is known about the electrophysiological basis of various thoughts dimensions in more naturalistic settings. To address this, we first examined the electrophysiological signatures of ongoing thoughts during naturalistic tasks in seven participants across seven recording sessions. We then combined deep learning algorithms with electrophysiological data to determine the utility of these signals in predicting thought dimensions. Based on a total of 49 data sets, our results revealed distinct oscillatory markers of 7 dimensions of ongoing thought as participants completed any computer-based activities they wished to perform. In addition to identifying electrophysiological markers consistent with those observed in experimental settings for internally oriented thoughts and freely moving thoughts, we found novel patterns not previously reported for off-task thoughts, goal-oriented thoughts, and sticky thoughts, primarily characterized by spectral activity in canonical theta, alpha, and beta bands. Importantly, applying deep learning algorithms on electrophysiological data reliably detected all seven thought dimensions at above chance levels for both within-participant (MCC = 0.22-0.43) and across-participant (MCC = 0.14-0.31) approaches. Together, these results established the electrophysiological signatures of seven dimensions of ongoing thought, assembling a comprehensive set of brain-to-experience mapping of the phenomenological features of thoughts. Our findings provide an important step toward predicting thought patterns in the real world with clinical implications for establishing biomarkers of typical and atypical thought patterns.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.087
Threshold uncertainty score0.455

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.292
Teacher spread0.275 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it