Geophysical Prospection of the South-Western Quarter of the Hellenistic Capital Artaxata in the Ararat Plain (Lusarat, Ararat Province, Armenia): The South-West Quarter, City Walls and an Early Christian Church
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents the findings of the 2024 geophysical prospection campaign conducted within the south-western Lower City of the Hellenistic capital Artaxata, situated in the Ararat plain, Armenia. Using advanced magnetic survey techniques, we sought to investigate the urban layout and expansion of the ancient city. The campaign aimed to test hypotheses derived from aerial imagery regarding the existence of city walls in this area, a previously undocumented feature for the Lower City. Spanning approximately 20 ha, the survey revealed an array of archaeological features, including wall structures, ditches, and pits, alongside evidence of domestic and craft activities such as fireplaces. Notably, the findings confirmed the presence of the south-western city walls, delineating a settlement area larger than previously known. Additional discoveries include monumental architectural remains, such as an octagonal structure potentially associated with an early Christian church. However, the interpretation of these structures, including their chronology and function, remains tentative pending further excavation. These results not only extend our understanding of the city’s urban development but also highlight the efficacy of integrating geophysical surveys with archaeological methods in reconstructing historical urban landscapes. Future investigations will focus on resolving ambiguities through targeted excavation and refining interpretations of the magnetic anomalies observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".