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Record W4410370817 · doi:10.7202/1117624ar

Lanterns in the Dark

2025· article· en· W4410370817 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
Jim Dean

Bibliographic record

VenueOntario History · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicMemory, Trauma, and Commemoration
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDark tourismGeographyArchaeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The inception and growth of Ontario’s ghost tours are showcased, highlighting their blend of history, culture, and the supernatural. Through the pioneering efforts of Glen Shackleton, Danielle Urquhart, and Kyle Upton, who each brought unique innovations to the field, these tours have evolved from niche activities to popular cultural experiences. The influence of technology and media, particularly reality television, on public interest is analyzed, along with the operational challenges in maintaining these immersive experiences. The tours play a crucial role in preserving and promoting local history, making historical education accessible and engaging, while also contributing significantly to the local economy. Integrating advanced technology and compelling storytelling is suggested to further enhance the appeal of ghost tours. The enduring interest in the paranormal and historical narratives ensures the continued relevance and popularity of Ontario’s ghost tours, solidifying their place as a vital part of the region’s cultural heritage.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.580
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.286
Teacher spread0.249 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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