Assessing Semiregional Cerebral Oxygen Consumption (CMRO<sub>2</sub>) in Preterm Neonates: A Quantitative MRI Cohort Study With Exploratory Analysis of Respiratory Support
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Developing a noninvasive method for measuring oxygen consumption at both regional and whole‐brain levels in preterm infants is crucial for assessing brain development and neuronal injury in this vulnerable population. This study presents a multi‐modal MRI technique and analysis pipeline that produces whole‐brain semiregional maps—with the potential to be fully regional—which we employ in a cohort study to investigate how the duration of various respiratory supports in very preterm infants affects CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). Infants (n = 19) born < 32 weeks gestational age were recruited in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infants were scanned at term‐equivalent age using a 3 T MRI sequence comprising T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, arterial spin labeling (ASL), and SWI. Days on three different categories of respiratory support, based on levels of invasiveness, were recorded. Using multiple linear regression, CBF and CMRO2 were analyzed against days on: respiratory support, days in room air, and the proportion of days on respiratory support; GA and PMA were used as confounding factors. Average CBF and CMRO2 of cortical grey matter was 14.3 ± 4.25 mL/100 g/min and 29.49 ± 29.49 μmol/100 g/min, respectively. CMRO2 and CBF were positively correlated with days on noninvasive respiratory support and negatively correlated with days in room air. Using our novel method, CBF and CMRO2 values aligned closely with literature values. Our exploratory findings suggest that the type of respiratory support may influence cerebral oxygenation during the neonatal period in infants born very preterm, with greater oxygen delivery and consumption associated with noninvasive respiratory support. Our semiregional brain analysis further highlights that different brain structures are impacted in distinct ways. This study presents a novel multimodal MRI approach to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) in preterm infants. Exploratory findings suggest noninvasive respiratory support is associated with higher CBF and CMRO2, highlighting its potential impact on neonatal brain oxygenation and development.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".