The role of the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus in food-deprivation-induced heroin seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence, in male and female rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstinence from drug use is often the result of the associated negative consequences. However, relapse occurs in a large proportion of abstinent users, and the underlying brain mechanisms are not clear. An arguably relevant brain area is the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (pPVT), which plays a role in motivational processes and addiction-like behaviours. Using a punishment-imposed abstinence procedure, we assessed the effect of chemogenetic inhibition and excitation of the pPVT on food-deprivation-induced relapse to heroin seeking in male and female rats. Rats were trained to self-administer heroin (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 2 weeks under a seeking-taking chain schedule. For punishment-imposed abstinence, a mild footshock (0.2 to 0.6 mA) was delivered on 30% of the completed seek lever links instead of access to the take lever. Relapse to heroin seeking was tested after 24 h of food deprivation and under sated condition. Animals were injected (i.p.) with either a DREADD ligand or vehicle 15-20 min before the tests. There was no sex difference in heroin self-administration or punishment-imposed abstinence. Under the food-deprivation condition, chemogenetic inhibition of the pPVT resulted in a statistically significant increase in heroin seeking compared to the control group, only in male rats. Chemogenetic excitation of the pPVT resulted in a non-significant increase in heroin seeking under food-deprivation conditions, only in male rats. Our results suggest that the pPVT is involved in stress-induced heroin seeking, after punishment-imposed abstinence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".