Antifungal naphthalenes and related polyketides from the cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) endophyte Protoventuria sp.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ericaceous plants, including high-value fruit crops, harbor phylogenetically diverse fungal endophytes. A collection of ∼350 fungal endophytes from Canadian fruit-bearing plants was generated to investigate the taxonomic and secondary metabolite diversity of these poorly studied fungi. A putatively novel species of Protoventuria was isolated as an endophyte from a cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) leaf in Central Ontario promoting an investigation of its secondary metabolites. From this fungus, two new naphthalenes, protoventurenes A and B ( 1 – 2 ), were characterized by LC-HRMS and NMR spectroscopy. Two additional structurally similar metabolites were also identified, the naphtalenone fragranone ( 3 ), previously reported from a shrub in Thailand, and the phenalenone derivative lamellicolic anhydride ( 4 ) originally from Verticillium lamellicola . Metabolites 1 – 4 inhibited the growth of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea with a 100-µg dose, and protoventurene B ( 2 ) inhibited Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the same concentration. The investigation of ericaceous endophytes continues to reveal ecologically unique fungi and their new secondary metabolites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".