Heating up, cooling off: exploring cooling behaviours at home in Aotearoa New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We explored the experiences of summer indoor overheating and summer cooling behaviours in Aotearoa New Zealand using a postal survey. Limited research has engaged with New Zealander's cooling behaviours due to a temperate climate. However, poor thermal dwelling quality and climate warming mean that summer indoor overheating is possibly an emerging problem. The survey was carried out between December 2021 and February 2022, with 641 respondents in total. Overheating was self-reported by almost three quarters of respondents. Use of passive cooling methods was most common, but active cooling methods (e.g. electric fans, heat pump cooling) were used by almost three quarters of respondents. Of the 65 % of households who had a heat pump, 72 % of these used it for cooling. Research from Aotearoa New Zealand has previously shown low use of energy intensive active cooling methods, indicating a change in cooling behaviours. To limit increased residential energy demand and emissions associated with more energy intensive active cooling, both improved housing thermal performance and behavioural change interventions that prioritise passive cooling approaches are required. We also find significant disparity in overheating, and access to and affordability of cooling to achieve comfortable and healthy indoor temperatures. This inequity requires urgent investigation and policy action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".