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Record W4410396858 · doi:10.30574/ijsra.2025.15.2.0780

Medical tourism

2025· article· en· W4410396858 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Boulata Argyri, Tagarakis A. Ioannis, C. Oikonomopoulou, Tagarakis I. Georgios

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Science and Research Archive · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicGlobal Healthcare and Medical Tourism
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineBusiness

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Medical tourism refers to the movement of patients to countries outside their country of residence for medical reasons and access to high-quality services at lower costs. The causes of this phenomenon include economic differences in services between countries, shorter waiting times, and the modern technology that characterizes the healthcare systems of these countries. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to focus on the theoretical approach to the phenomenon of medical tourism, examining holistically its key aspects, advantages, disadvantages, its major dimensions in the global market, the countries promoting it, and the relevant legislation, without concentrating exclusively on specific details The benefits of medical tourism include advantages for the provider countries, such as boosting the economy and creating new job opportunities, as well as additional benefits for patients who benefit from affordable prices and higher-quality medical services. However, there are also disadvantages, such as the significant pressures on healthcare systems, the high expenses needed for the smooth operation of the sector, and the varying legislation that applies in the countries offering it. Some of the key countries involved in medical tourism are India, Thailand, Canada, Germany, and Turkey. The competition between countries concerns the prices and quality of services they offer, with the goal of attracting more patients. Method and materials: The methodology followed for the development of this thesis is a literature review of scientific journals, textbooks, books, and the internet, with the aim of providing the most accurate depiction of the phenomenon of medical tourism based on real-world data.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.012
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.012
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.562
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0120.012
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.089
GPT teacher head0.584
Teacher spread0.495 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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