High Heat Resistance, Barrier Property, and Low Carbon Emission PET for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications Based on Biobased Functional Monomers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PET has a wide range of applications in human life. To address the issues including low glass transition temperature, inadequate oxygen barrier properties, and slight brittleness that limit certain applications of PET, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and isosorbide (IS) were incorporated into the PET main chains using a one-pot two-step method, resulting in the formation of PETGI copolymers. Dynamic mechanical and melt rheological properties revealed that the V-shaped fused ring structure of isosorbide hinders the free movement of the polymer chains, which significantly enhanced the heat resistance of the PETGI copolymers. The glass transition temperature of the PETGI copolymers ranges from 80 to 106 °C. Furthermore, CHDM and IS facilitate the amorphous structure of PETGI, yielding a transparency of 98% and superior toughness, with an elongation at break of 234%. The incorporation of isosorbide markedly increases the molecular chain rigidity of the copolymer while reducing the free volume of the polymer. Time-temperature superposition (TTS) provided insight into the structural influence of different monomers in the molecular chain on the fractional free volume ( f g ). As a result of these combined factors, the oxygen barrier performance of the PETGI copolymer containing 40% mol of isosorbide was improved by 41% compared to standard PET. The results of sustainability assessment showed that the equivalent PETGIE 6 C 0 I 4 reduces carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 15.4% compared to PET.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".