Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) Oviposition Preference and Development in Relation to Host Age, and a Novel Live-Trapping System for Wood-Borers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sirex nigricornis F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is a pine-inhabiting woodwasp native to eastern North America. A non-native congener, S. noctilio F., was discovered along the southeastern shore of Lake Ontario in New York in 2004 and its current distribution now includes seven northeastern states, Ontario, and Quebec. Its discovery led to a sharp increase in research focusing on S. noctilio as well as S. nigricornis. Research on these two species, and their associates, requires efficient methods for field collection and laboratory rearing. Success of these programs relies on successful collection of, and oviposition by, live females in artificial conditions. Moisture content has been implicated as a key factor in determining host suitability for oviposition and development of Sirex, but an optimum moisture level for rearing has not been determined. We measured changes in moisture content along the length of shortleaf pine bolts over time. We exposed S. nigricornis mating pairs to ten replicates of three shortleaf pine bolts, each of which was cut and field-seasoned for 0, 15, and 30 days. Laboratory emergence was monitored and, after emergence ceased, oviposition preference was quantified among bolt ages and their associated moisture contents. Moisture content decreased over time, with the majority of moisture loss occurring at the ends of bolts. Females significantly preferred drilling in freshly cut bolts, however, successful development and emergence occurred only in 15-day-old bolts. Future studies incorporating laboratory rearing should keep bolts protected from wood-borers either outdoors, or in a humidity and temperature controlled room to mimic environmental conditions, for approximately 15 days prior to laboratory oviposition. These conditions will enable successful laboratory oviposition and development. A description of a novel live trapping method for collection of adult female S. nigricornis is provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".