Paradiplomacy, Its Actors and Trends: State of the Art and Additional Contributions
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The current pandemic scenario has brought relevance to the paradiplomatic activities carried out by subnational entities, insofar as it has challenged the traditional models of International Relations, pushing decentralized actors to seek solutions to their problems through external agreements. Despite its importance, scientific production on the subject of paradiplomacy is scattered. In this sense, we sought to analyse the state of the art of current scientific production on paradiplomacy, as well as whether this production is characterized by a stop-and-go trend, as seen in the empirical logic of the international activities of sub-national entities. To this end, bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review were carried out based on 75 scientific papers available on the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and the Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo). The main results, therefore, pointed to a stop-and-go trend in scientific production on paradiplomacy, which in turn was driven by the situation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic (2021), and the rise of studies on paradiplomatic activities carried out by Chinese (2021 and 2020), Canadian (2019) and, above all, Latin American (2018) subnational entities. Finally, as a contribution to the literature on the subject, the use of a little-used methodology to examine the role of subnational entities in International Relations is verified, which therefore provides an alternative way to interpret the results and present new insights on the subject.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it