Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose To investigate the changes in electrocardiographic and echocardiographic cardiovascular parameters in a group of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods Twelve consecutive patients referred to our hospital, from September to November 2023, due to morbid obesity were enrolled in this prospective study. The mean age was 42 ± 5.3 years, 8 (66.7%) female and 4 (33.3%) male; The mean BMI was 37.0±6.2. All patients were assessed by a multidisciplinary team for suitability for bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic Roux and Y-gastric bypass). Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habits) were also collected. All patients were submitted to an electrocardiogram and a good quality echocardiographic evaluation at baseline and after 5 months of follow-up. Results After a medium follow-up of 5 months we obtained a notable improvement in cardiovascular risk profile with suspension of antihypertensive and antidiabetic therapy in all patients and of lipid-lowering therapy in 1 out of 2 patients. The reduction in BMI was statistically significant, as was the weight loss. The echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle show: significant reduction in the diastolic diameter of the left ventricle (P=0.0022), in the left atrial diameter (p<0.001), in the left atrial volume (p=0.001), in the left ventricular diastolic volume ( (p<0.001). Echocardiographic parameters of the right ventricle show: improvement in diastolic function (p<0.001), systolic and diastolic ventricular area (p<0.005), systolic and diastolic ventricular volumes, mean transverse diameter of the right ventricle, longitudinal diameter and right atrium area (p<0.005). The global longitudinal strain improves in all patients and the alteration that initially affected 86% of the subjects studied disappears (p<0.001). The initial mean QTc duration was 417.8±13.6 ms, significantly decreased at follow-up (404.1±10.6 ms P<0.0001). The average duration of the QRS was significantly reduced, electrical axis did not undergo major changes, depression of the ST segment, which was present in three patients before the operation, disappeared completely after 5 months. Before surgery there was an inverse correlation between QRS duration and GLS: as the QRS duration increases the Global Longitudinal Strain reduces. After surgery, the QRS duration is significantly reduced and the GLS value always increases significantly. Pre-surgery GLS 12,5± 2,3 (QRS) 103,9±3,9 r -0,72 Post-surgery (GLS) 23,5±2,9 (QRS) 94±4,8 r -0,29 Conclusions Bariatric surgery determines a significant reduction in body weight in the short term and this reduction is associated with a significant improvement in ventricular and atrial volumes, diastolic function, electrocardiographic parameters and global longitudinal strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".